Delega sostanziale dell’avvocato in ambito di mediazione
Le parti coinvolte in una procedura di mediazione hanno la facoltà di farsi rappresentare dal proprio avvocato, a condizione che questi sia munito di una procura speciale di natura sostanziale.
La procura sostanziale nella mediazione
La Corte d’Appello di Milano, con la sentenza n. 566/2025, ha ribadito che, pur essendo normalmente richiesta la presenza personale delle parti nella mediazione obbligatoria, è ammissibile la loro sostituzione da parte di un rappresentante sostanziale. Questo rappresentante può coincidere con l’avvocato incaricato, purché dotato di una procura speciale sostanziale, distinta dalla classica procura alle liti.
Mediazione e opposizione a decreto ingiuntivo
Il caso ha origine da un decreto ingiuntivo con cui si ordinava al debitore il pagamento di € 832.428,99. L’opponente ha presentato varie eccezioni, ma il giudice non ha sospeso l’efficacia esecutiva del provvedimento, disponendo invece – come previsto dall’art. 5 del D.Lgs. 28/2010 – un termine di 15 giorni per presentare l’istanza di mediazione, specificando che la presenza personale delle parti era necessaria per la procedibilità.
Improcedibilità per assenza del rappresentante legale
Nell’udienza del 15 giugno 2022, il Tribunale ha rilevato d’ufficio l’improcedibilità del ricorso monitorio per l’assenza del legale rappresentante della parte opposta alla mediazione. Dopo aver concesso alle parti di esprimersi ai sensi dell’art. 101 c.p.c., ha revocato il decreto ingiuntivo, ritenendo che la presenza delle parti – assistite dai rispettivi avvocati – fosse indispensabile in tutti gli incontri. Nel caso specifico, il creditore era rappresentato esclusivamente dal proprio legale, senza la presenza di un esponente aziendale in grado di trattare la controversia e valutarne una possibile soluzione. Secondo il Tribunale, la banca non poteva validamente farsi rappresentare dal solo avvocato, e la mancata comparizione della parte istante comportava la mancata realizzazione della condizione di procedibilità.
Necessità di una procura sostanziale per la rappresentanza in mediazione
La decisione del Tribunale è stata impugnata in appello. La Corte ha ritenuto di dover esaminare preliminarmente il motivo incidentale della banca creditrice relativo alla procedibilità. Secondo la Corte, la condizione di procedibilità – prevista dall’art. 5, comma 2-bis del D.Lgs. 28/2010 nella versione applicabile – era comunque rispettata, pur in assenza personale della parte creditrice al primo incontro di mediazione. Non esiste, infatti, una norma che vieti il conferimento di un mandato con rappresentanza per diritti disponibili e atti non strettamente personali. La Corte ha richiamato l’art. 8, comma 4, del D.Lgs. 28/2010, come modificato dal D.Lgs. 149/2022, che richiede la partecipazione personale delle parti, ma ammette, per giustificati motivi, la delega a un rappresentante “a conoscenza dei fatti e con pieni poteri per la definizione della lite”.
Anche se tale disposizione non era direttamente applicabile, la giurisprudenza della Cassazione ha comunque più volte affermato che la mediazione obbligatoria richiede sì la presenza personale, ma consente la delega a un rappresentante sostanziale con specifica procura, eventualmente anche l’avvocato stesso, purché munito di un mandato idoneo e distinto dalla procura alle liti (art. 83 c.p.c.).
Richiamando l’art. 1392 c.c., la Corte ha verificato che in data 7 luglio 2022 la banca aveva conferito una procura speciale all’avvocato, autorizzandolo espressamente ad avviare e gestire la mediazione, a parteciparvi anche da remoto, a definire la controversia come ritenuto opportuno, a firmare un eventuale accordo, e persino a delegare ulteriormente i propri poteri. Il contenuto ampio e dettagliato di tale mandato, autonomo rispetto alla procura alle liti, ha indotto la Corte a ritenere che la banca fosse effettivamente rappresentata in modo idoneo.
Pertanto, l’appello incidentale risulta fondato, e la dichiarazione di improcedibilità del Tribunale non è da ritenersi corretta.
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